{"id":300,"date":"2024-12-18T20:08:40","date_gmt":"2024-12-18T20:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.chrisfriend.us\/3080\/?post_type=chapter&p=300"},"modified":"2025-01-10T16:41:24","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T16:41:24","slug":"text-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.chrisfriend.us\/3080\/chapter\/text-2\/","title":{"raw":"Text","rendered":"Text"},"content":{"raw":"

\"Open<\/h1>\r\n

Abstract<\/h1>\r\nWhen thinking about text, the first thing that comes to mind could be black writing against white paper in a book. Something else that may come to mind could be the little blue bubble of words we send when text messaging our friends. Text is any concept, idea, or connection that can be perceived according to how the author wants it to be. The messages we can send have changed drastically through the progression of time and it will only continue to grow. In this section we will talk about how text came to be and how it is ever changing.\r\n

Setting a Foundation<\/h1>\r\nSome of the earliest forms of text are [pb_glossary id=\"331\"]Cuneiform[\/pb_glossary], [pb_glossary id=\"333\"]pictograms[\/pb_glossary], [pb_glossary id=\"334\"]hieroglyphics[\/pb_glossary] and different materials used to convey messages. These systems were founded between 3500 and 3000 BCE. Writing systems also developed differently based on the different regions in the world. Different places had different symbols and structures which stood for different words. Just the same as how spoken language differs from country to country today. Ancient text forms commonly used symbolism to express what they were saying. Cuneiform is pictures or symbols etched into clay tablets and is remembered as one the very first systems of writing. Pictographs are another writing system that conveys its meaning by drawing the physical object being spoken about. Lastly, Hieroglyphics were used in Ancient Egypt and can be found etched on the walls of temples, coffins, tombs, and statues. Similar to Pictographs, Hieroglyphics also uses pictures and symbols to represent what is being spoken about.\r\n\r\nMoving on from symbols and pictures we are led to the creation of the alphabet. The alphabet was created between 1700 to 1400 BCE in Ancient Egypt. The alphabet impacted spoken language because it gave a more precise way of representing sound in writing. People were able to clearly write down their speech, which impacted the spread of information and how we are able to learn. The alphabet we use today phonetically represents the sounds we use in spoken language. Most languages have their own form of the alphabet. Outside of languages like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean which still use pictogram characters that represent whole sounds or words. The introduction of the alphabet allowed for written text to become very useful to society.\r\n\r\nThe use of text in early civilizations was mainly used for record keeping, written law, and the preservation of (cultural or religious) knowledge. Written text contributed greatly to the development of society and has impacted how we live our lives today. We still reference texts that were written long ago because they shaped who we are as a society. Some examples of older texts that we still reference today are different versions of the bible such as the old testament and the new testament. Even texts that were written later on but still long ago impact us today such as, The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, and The Bill of Rights. Without these texts we would not be able to be as developed as we are. These texts laid the foundation for the society we live in today.\r\n
\r\n

Review Questions<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n
    \r\n \t
  1. What material was used to produce cuneiform?<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. What was the use of text in early civilization?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

    Text in Modern Communication<\/h1>\r\nThe forms of text we use today are very different compared to early ancient civilizations. We can use the phone, texting, emailing, live chats, and even the radio to communicate. However, going back to our definition from the beginning text is concepts or ideas that are perceived based on how the author wants them to be. Text doesn\u2019t always have to be words, it is more so the presentation. In ENG 2020 we talked about how even something as simple as a receipt from the grocery store is considered text. We don\u2019t have to read the fine print of a receipt to know that it is a receipt. If you see one on the ground you can recognize it before reading any words. The same goes for clothing, you can tell what someone may like just from something they are wearing. For example, If someone goes outside wearing a Yankees jersey, people will assume they are a Yankees fan. The assumption that they are a Yankees fan would come because of how they are presenting themselves. Other people can \u201cread\u201d the \u201ctext\u201d we wear and draw conclusions on us without even realizing. I put the words \u201cread\u201d and \u201ctext\u201d in quotes because subconscious recognition is happening while we are \u201creading\u201d. The \u201ctext\u201d presented is the media we produce and how we choose to present it, it isn\u2019t always words on paper.\r\n\r\nPeople can also \u201cread\u201d the \u201ctext\u201d we present on different social media apps. This is dependent on what app it is and how we are able to express ourselves on it. Each platform has a mutual understanding or a set of \u201cnorms\u201d in which the users follow. These norms influence us as creators in how we want to portray ourselves or our message. We carefully select how to portray our message because we know how it will best land with our intended audience.\r\n\r\nIn ENG 3080 we spoke a lot about how \u201ctraditional\u201d text has been modernized. From what was once handwritten word, to the era of the printing press, jumping all the way to today, where there are endless forms of digital text. We now see so many different ebooks or digital documents that have turned our school environment into a mostly digital society. The majority of our school work is done digitally, we use learning management systems such as Canvas or Blackboard, and typically all of our papers are typed. By having all of these digital assignments we are able to include hypertext and[pb_glossary id=\"130\"] interactivity[\/pb_glossary] into our work. We can make our work more reliable by directing our audience to another piece of work we feel may be beneficial to them. Being able to guide our audience in the right direction helps them trust us.\r\n
    \r\n

    Review Question<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

    \r\n\r\nWhat is happening when we are \u201creading\u201d \u201ctext\u201d?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

    What Do Other People Think?<\/h1>\r\nDouglas Eyman discusses text in his chapter \u201cDefining and Locating Digital Rhetoric\u201d<\/a>. He addresses how as most people at first, assume text is just words on paper. However, text is a much broader term that covers many different aspects of how we absorb content. Eyman introduces Robert de Beaugrande and Wolfgang Dressler\u2019s approach to \u201ctext\u201d which is seven different pieces of criteria. The seven pieces of criteria are:\u00a0 cohesion which represents the structural components of a text, coherence which constitutes the meaning of a text, intentionality which is the producer\u2019s purpose, acceptability which is the mirror of intentionality, informativity refers to the quantity of new information, [pb_glossary id=\"340\"]situationality[\/pb_glossary] which is a way of representing that a given text is context-appropriate, and intertextuality which shows that a given text always relates to a certain discourse.\r\n\r\nAlthough this criteria is mainly for \u201crhetorically\u201d successful texts I believe it is a good criteria to use for any text. The attention to detail makes the message meaningful. By following this criteria it can help you stay on the task of clearly portraying a message to your audience. Eyman also tells us how digital rhetoric can persuade users just based on the appearance of the text and how accessible it is. That is why when you are trying to portray a message it is important to remember it is not always what you are saying, but how you are saying (portraying) it.\r\n
    \r\n

    Review Question<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

    \r\n\r\nWhat are Robert de Beaugrande and Wolfgang Dressler\u2019s seven pieces of criteria?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

    Conclusion<\/h1>\r\nText has been the foundation of human communication and will continue to be. We can teach, learn, express ourselves, make connections and form ideas all based on different texts. There is a message behind everything and it is important to pay attention to it, even if it is not spelled out for you. Regardless of anything, we will always be reading and understanding text for the rest of time. Text will remain in many different forms such as traditional writing, E-books, social media platforms, and many other forms of communication. It is up to us to keep up with the advancing forms of text.\r\n
    \r\n

    Discussion Questions<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

    \r\n
      \r\n \t
    1. In what ways has the development of text changed how we understand and share knowledge across different cultures and generations.<\/li>\r\n \t
    2. Do you think advanced technology will have a positive or negative effect on text in the future?<\/li>\r\n \t
    3. How might artificial intelligence impact text?<\/li>\r\n \t
    4. Do you think anything should be able to be considered text? Or should words on paper only be considered text?<\/li>\r\n \t
    5. How does the history of written text shape our writing identity? What expectations are set for us?<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n ","rendered":"

      \"Open<\/h1>\n

      Abstract<\/h1>\n

      When thinking about text, the first thing that comes to mind could be black writing against white paper in a book. Something else that may come to mind could be the little blue bubble of words we send when text messaging our friends. Text is any concept, idea, or connection that can be perceived according to how the author wants it to be. The messages we can send have changed drastically through the progression of time and it will only continue to grow. In this section we will talk about how text came to be and how it is ever changing.<\/p>\n

      Setting a Foundation<\/h1>\n

      Some of the earliest forms of text are Cuneiform<\/a>, pictograms<\/a>, hieroglyphics<\/a> and different materials used to convey messages. These systems were founded between 3500 and 3000 BCE. Writing systems also developed differently based on the different regions in the world. Different places had different symbols and structures which stood for different words. Just the same as how spoken language differs from country to country today. Ancient text forms commonly used symbolism to express what they were saying. Cuneiform is pictures or symbols etched into clay tablets and is remembered as one the very first systems of writing. Pictographs are another writing system that conveys its meaning by drawing the physical object being spoken about. Lastly, Hieroglyphics were used in Ancient Egypt and can be found etched on the walls of temples, coffins, tombs, and statues. Similar to Pictographs, Hieroglyphics also uses pictures and symbols to represent what is being spoken about.<\/p>\n

      Moving on from symbols and pictures we are led to the creation of the alphabet. The alphabet was created between 1700 to 1400 BCE in Ancient Egypt. The alphabet impacted spoken language because it gave a more precise way of representing sound in writing. People were able to clearly write down their speech, which impacted the spread of information and how we are able to learn. The alphabet we use today phonetically represents the sounds we use in spoken language. Most languages have their own form of the alphabet. Outside of languages like Chinese, Japanese, and Korean which still use pictogram characters that represent whole sounds or words. The introduction of the alphabet allowed for written text to become very useful to society.<\/p>\n

      The use of text in early civilizations was mainly used for record keeping, written law, and the preservation of (cultural or religious) knowledge. Written text contributed greatly to the development of society and has impacted how we live our lives today. We still reference texts that were written long ago because they shaped who we are as a society. Some examples of older texts that we still reference today are different versions of the bible such as the old testament and the new testament. Even texts that were written later on but still long ago impact us today such as, The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, and The Bill of Rights. Without these texts we would not be able to be as developed as we are. These texts laid the foundation for the society we live in today.<\/p>\n

      \n
      \n

      Review Questions<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

      \n
        \n
      1. What material was used to produce cuneiform?<\/li>\n
      2. What was the use of text in early civilization?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Text in Modern Communication<\/h1>\n

        The forms of text we use today are very different compared to early ancient civilizations. We can use the phone, texting, emailing, live chats, and even the radio to communicate. However, going back to our definition from the beginning text is concepts or ideas that are perceived based on how the author wants them to be. Text doesn\u2019t always have to be words, it is more so the presentation. In ENG 2020 we talked about how even something as simple as a receipt from the grocery store is considered text. We don\u2019t have to read the fine print of a receipt to know that it is a receipt. If you see one on the ground you can recognize it before reading any words. The same goes for clothing, you can tell what someone may like just from something they are wearing. For example, If someone goes outside wearing a Yankees jersey, people will assume they are a Yankees fan. The assumption that they are a Yankees fan would come because of how they are presenting themselves. Other people can \u201cread\u201d the \u201ctext\u201d we wear and draw conclusions on us without even realizing. I put the words \u201cread\u201d and \u201ctext\u201d in quotes because subconscious recognition is happening while we are \u201creading\u201d. The \u201ctext\u201d presented is the media we produce and how we choose to present it, it isn\u2019t always words on paper.<\/p>\n

        People can also \u201cread\u201d the \u201ctext\u201d we present on different social media apps. This is dependent on what app it is and how we are able to express ourselves on it. Each platform has a mutual understanding or a set of \u201cnorms\u201d in which the users follow. These norms influence us as creators in how we want to portray ourselves or our message. We carefully select how to portray our message because we know how it will best land with our intended audience.<\/p>\n

        In ENG 3080 we spoke a lot about how \u201ctraditional\u201d text has been modernized. From what was once handwritten word, to the era of the printing press, jumping all the way to today, where there are endless forms of digital text. We now see so many different ebooks or digital documents that have turned our school environment into a mostly digital society. The majority of our school work is done digitally, we use learning management systems such as Canvas or Blackboard, and typically all of our papers are typed. By having all of these digital assignments we are able to include hypertext and interactivity<\/a> into our work. We can make our work more reliable by directing our audience to another piece of work we feel may be beneficial to them. Being able to guide our audience in the right direction helps them trust us.<\/p>\n

        \n
        \n

        Review Question<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n

        What is happening when we are \u201creading\u201d \u201ctext\u201d?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        What Do Other People Think?<\/h1>\n

        Douglas Eyman discusses text in his chapter \u201cDefining and Locating Digital Rhetoric\u201d<\/a>. He addresses how as most people at first, assume text is just words on paper. However, text is a much broader term that covers many different aspects of how we absorb content. Eyman introduces Robert de Beaugrande and Wolfgang Dressler\u2019s approach to \u201ctext\u201d which is seven different pieces of criteria. The seven pieces of criteria are:\u00a0 cohesion which represents the structural components of a text, coherence which constitutes the meaning of a text, intentionality which is the producer\u2019s purpose, acceptability which is the mirror of intentionality, informativity refers to the quantity of new information, situationality<\/a> which is a way of representing that a given text is context-appropriate, and intertextuality which shows that a given text always relates to a certain discourse.<\/p>\n

        Although this criteria is mainly for \u201crhetorically\u201d successful texts I believe it is a good criteria to use for any text. The attention to detail makes the message meaningful. By following this criteria it can help you stay on the task of clearly portraying a message to your audience. Eyman also tells us how digital rhetoric can persuade users just based on the appearance of the text and how accessible it is. That is why when you are trying to portray a message it is important to remember it is not always what you are saying, but how you are saying (portraying) it.<\/p>\n

        \n
        \n

        Review Question<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n

        What are Robert de Beaugrande and Wolfgang Dressler\u2019s seven pieces of criteria?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        Conclusion<\/h1>\n

        Text has been the foundation of human communication and will continue to be. We can teach, learn, express ourselves, make connections and form ideas all based on different texts. There is a message behind everything and it is important to pay attention to it, even if it is not spelled out for you. Regardless of anything, we will always be reading and understanding text for the rest of time. Text will remain in many different forms such as traditional writing, E-books, social media platforms, and many other forms of communication. It is up to us to keep up with the advancing forms of text.<\/p>\n

        \n
        \n

        Discussion Questions<\/p>\n<\/header>\n

        \n
          \n
        1. In what ways has the development of text changed how we understand and share knowledge across different cultures and generations.<\/li>\n
        2. Do you think advanced technology will have a positive or negative effect on text in the future?<\/li>\n
        3. How might artificial intelligence impact text?<\/li>\n
        4. Do you think anything should be able to be considered text? Or should words on paper only be considered text?<\/li>\n
        5. How does the history of written text shape our writing identity? What expectations are set for us?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          definition<\/span>